I last mentioned 5 of my favorite reinforcers. Let me also add 5 of my favorite formats for receptively identifying pictures.

1. Place cards around the floor. Tell the child to "jump on the (apple)."
2. Hand child a fly swatter. Tell him to "slap the (apple)."
3. Laminate the cards or use objects. Fill a bucket with water. Tell the child to "dunk the (apple)."
4. Give child a flashlight and go in the bathroom. Tell him to "shine on (apple)."
5. Tape cards on the wall and give child a retractable metal pointer. Tell him to "point to (apple)."

Formats like these are sometimes considered more intrinsically motivating, at least for some children. However, we should be careful when we use the term motivation. Motivation is often used to refer to an internal state, but as behaviorists, we try to talk about what we can objectively see and measure. An objective analysis of the above motivational formats leads to a few helpful guidelines.